CS610 Solved Subjective Mega Collection for Mid term Papers

Three benefits of routing if source address is not included in the header

Answer:-

Benefit

It allows fast and efficient routing.

Packet switch need not hove complete information about all destinations in spite it just has next the network can continue to function even if topology changes without notifying entire network

 

Question

How many methods are available to span a network over longer distances? Just write their names.

Answer:-

1. LEASED SERIAL LINE CONNECTION:
2. LEASED SATELLITE CHANNEL:

Question

Which two identifier in ATM are used to make Virtual Circuit? (2 Marks

)

Answer:-

VCI (Virtual Channel Indicator)

VPI (Virtual Path Indicator)

 

Question

Conceptual question about Virtual private Network.

Answer:-

Virtual Private Network (VPN) combines the features of both private and public networks. It is limited to single organization and uses public network for connectivity. These connections are sometimes called tunnels and connect sites. Each site sees tunnel as point-to-point link. There is no access for other users of public networks.

Question

Describe the procedures in steps of Telephone calling, A connection oriented service

Answer:

The connection-oriented service paradigm for networking is similar to the manner in which telephones are used. This is given as follows:

 

A caller dials a number of the destination. The telephone at the destination signals the arrival of a connection request. If the called person does not answer; the caller gives up after waiting for a timeout. If the called person does answer, then the connection is established as binary connection identifier is given to each of the two parties to enable identification of the connection.

Question

Describe two major components of thick Ethernet

Answer:-

1. Network interface card (NIC)
2. Analog electronic device

Question

Suppose in a computer network

 of a chemical

 company, each packet is transferred with equal amount of time between systems. Consider this scenario what will be the jitter?

Answer:-

The amount of delay that a network introduces is called jitter. A network with zero jitter takes exactly the same amount of time to transfer each packet. A network with high jitter takes much longer to deliver some packets than others

Question

Suppose an organization wants voice communication

 in a network by using ATM technology. Explain how ATM eliminates the varying delays associated with variable size data packets.

Answer:-

Organization wants voice communication introduced ATM to meet several goals. It provides universal service for all subscribers and support for all users for voice, video and data. It has a single unified infrastructure (no separate LANs and WANs). It gives guaranteed service when it is appropriate and support for low cost devices.

JITTER:

Jitter is the term used for variance in transmission delays. Jitter is significance for voice, video and data. In LANs, jitter can occur when a packet is delayed because the network is busy.

PACKET SIZES:

Large packets result in fewer overheads because a smaller fraction of the packet is used for header information. Optimum networks use 4kB packets or larger. Large packets can’t easily be used for voice for example 8-bit samples (at 125usec per sample) would require half a second to fill a 4kB packet. Echo cancellation can only be used with low transmission delays.

 

Question

While designing the ATM technology why designer of ATM chosen cells over packets which being used widely? Give five reasons to support your answers

.

Reason:

1. ATM multiplexed these 53-byte cells instead of packets which reduced worst-case cell contention jitter by a factor of almost 30, reducing the need for echo cancellers.
2. Reduction of jitter (and also end-to-end round-trip delays)
3. Full-length 1500 byte (12000-bit) data packet would take 77.42 to transmit.
4. The design of ATM aimed for a low-jitter network interface
5. ATM broke up all packets, data, and voice streams into 48-byte chunks, adding a 5-byte routing header to each one so that they could be reassembled later

 

Question

Suppose star organization using repeater in its network. If frames comes from another network then will the repeater be capable of distinguish between frames from two different networks? Support your answer with a reason also writes down three drawbacks, this organization may face due to use of repeater.

            Drawbacks

1. Repeaters provide no method for isolating traffic generated on one cable segment from traffic generated by the other cable segment
2. When network uses a repeater to connect cable segment A to segment B whether or not there is a station in segment B that is the destination of the signal
3. Ethernet standard specifies that any two stations cannot be separated by more than four repeaters.
4. Repeaters do not recognize frame formats; they just amplify and retransmit the electrical signal. If a collision or error occurs in one segment, repeaters amplify and retransmit also the error onto the other segments.

Question

in LAN of 8 pcs, at low cost which wire scheme you will use. Give reasons

Answer:-

Reasons:-

• ·         Twisted pair Ethernet is the cheapest wiring that makes it so popular.
• ·         To allow changing the wiring without changing the interface hardware, NICs support
• ·         Multiple wiring schemes are not limited to Ethernet technology.
• ·         hubs (physically a star topology) to simulate a logical ring network.
• ·         The distance between devices
• ·         The amount of em-noise

 

Question

how many bits contains in VCI & VPI

Answer:-

• ·         Virtual Channel Indicator (16-bits)
• ·         Virtual Path Indicator (8- bit),

 

Question

We have a bridge network that has two segments. is that possible to transfer  data simultaneously through segments ?

Star Topology,

all computers are attached to a central point, which is sometimes called the Hub

Ring Topology

network the computers are connected to each other in closed loop. In this network first computer passes data to the second and then second passes data to third and so on,

 

Question

Why packet switch check the header frame before forwarding the packet

Answer:-

Data delivery from one computer to another is accomplished through store and forward technology. In this technology packet switch stores incoming packet and also forwards that packet to another switch or computer. For this purpose packet switch has internal memory into which it can hold packet if outgoing connection is busy. Packets for each connection held on queue.

 

Question

Why the designers of ATM technology select cells not packets? Give five reasons

Answer:-

Reason:

1. ATM multiplexed these 53-byte cells instead of packets which reduced worst-case cell contention jitter by a factor of almost 30, reducing the need for echo cancellers.
2. Reduction of jitter (and also end-to-end round-trip delays)
3. Full-length 1500 byte (12000-bit) data packet would take 77.42 to transmit.
4. The design of ATM aimed for a low-jitter network interface
5. ATM broke up all packets, data, and voice streams into 48-byte chunks, adding a 5-byte routing header to each one so that they could be reassembled later

Question

If two far away situated offices are to connect with will be appropriate LAN extension or WAN. Give four reasons to support you answer

1. If two buildings are located far from each other, a bridge, a pair of fiber modems and an optical fiber can be used to connect two LANs
2. LAN segments that need to be interconnected but are slightly far away, point to point wireless solutions are available
3. They are generally kept over a tower so that line of sight is realized between the locations, for best performance.
4. These outdoor access points are configured to operate in the point-to-point or point-to-multipoint modes and one such access point along with antenna/tower is required in each department/building which needs to be interconnected.
5. In certain areas, metro Ethernet might be available where the service provider has the infrastructure to connect two locations of a same branch located in different places at speeds of 10/100 Mbps using his public network infrastructure

 

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